Consider the following statements : The 'Stability and Growth Pact' of the European Union is a treaty that 1. limits the levels of the budgetary deficit of the countries of the European Union 2. makes the countries of the European Union to share their infrastructure facilities 3. enables the countries of the European Union to share their technologies How many of the above statements are correct?

Gives a concrete example of a statutory rule that mandates a fiscal deficit ceiling of 'not more than 3 percent of GDP' (Indian FRBM Act context).

A student could use this as a precedent showing that legislated numeric deficit ceilings exist and therefore plausibly check whether the EU has a similarly worded rule (e.g., in the SGP or Maastricht-related texts).

Explains how fiscal deficit is measured as a percent of GDP, which is the same metric cited in the statement (3% of GDP).

Knowing the metric, a student can interpret references in EU documents and compare any EU threshold expressed as a share of GDP to this standard measure.

Describes a statutory 'escape clause' that allows exceeding an annual fiscal deficit target for specified exceptional conditions.

This signals that fiscal rules often include exceptions; a student could therefore look for similar escape or flexibility clauses in the EU's pact to better judge how rigid a 3% rule would be in practice.

Notes that fiscal deficits vary with economic cycles (recession raises deficits), giving context why fixed percentage limits might be controversial or require flexibility.

A student can use this economic pattern to understand why a pact like the SGP might include conditionality or cyclical adjustments around any numeric deficit limit.

States that the EU has moved from a purely economic union to adopting some common policies and a common foreign and security policy—showing precedent for EU-level rules and coordinated action.

A student could check whether SGP, as an EU rule for fiscal coordination, is similar in form to other EU instruments that set binding rules and therefore infer whether it might include infrastructure-sharing mandates.

Defines 'Economic Union' as adopting common policies and removing barriers, with the EU given as an example—indicating that EU integration can extend to policy harmonisation across members.

One could compare the SGP's stated scope (fiscal/common economic policy) with the list of areas typically covered by an economic union to judge whether infrastructure-sharing falls under such common policies.

The Single European Act is cited as mandating more intensive coordination among member states (here in foreign policy), illustrating that EU treaties have created obligations to coordinate across states.

A student might examine treaty texts to see if the SGP is a treaty-based obligation like the SEA and therefore whether its remit could legally extend to infrastructure-sharing.

Gives a definition of infrastructure as having public-good characteristics and being often dominated by the public sector—suggesting why infrastructure might be subject to intergovernmental arrangements or coordination.

Using this, one could reason that EU-level fiscal rules (like SGP) that constrain budgets could indirectly affect members' ability to finance shared infrastructure, even if not mandating sharing.

Describes a multilateral platform (Global Infrastructure Facility) that coordinates banks, governments, and private investors to prepare cross-border infrastructure projects—an example of institutional mechanisms for shared infrastructure.

Compare the existence of such coordination platforms to EU mechanisms: if global/multilateral bodies facilitate shared infrastructure, the EU could likewise enable or finance shared projects separate from fiscal pacts like the SGP.

Describes the Treaty of Maastricht creating the EU with a single market and subsequent work on other areas like foreign policy and internal security.

A student could check what fields (economic, fiscal, regulatory) Maastricht and related treaties explicitly cover to see if technology-sharing appears among competencies.

Defines an Economic Union as adopting common policies and freedom of movement of factors of production, indicating the EU can create shared economic rules.

One could compare the list of ‘common policies’ in an economic union with the content of the Stability and Growth Pact to assess whether technology-sharing is a typical shared economic policy.

Mentions intellectual property rights in the context of international trade negotiations, linking trade policy/IP to cross-border transfer of technologies.

A student might use this to investigate whether EU fiscal rules (like the SGP) interact with IP/trade rules that govern technology transfer.

Notes the EU has evolved from an economic union to include political coordination and some common foreign and security policy.

This suggests checking whether instruments for political/foreign coordination (distinct from fiscal rules) are the forums where technology-sharing would be enabled, rather than a fiscal pact.

States the EU is a major source of space and communications technology and can intervene in economic, political and social areas while member states retain some autonomy.

One could use this to argue that technical cooperation likely arises from sectoral policies or programs (e.g., space, communications), so a student should look at sector-specific EU instruments rather than the SGP.