Which one of the following makes a tool with a stick to scrape insects from a hole in a tree or a log of wood?

Describes 'scrapers' as a named tool type used to remove material (wood/skin), establishing the concept of scraping as a recognised tool function.

A student could look for animal behaviours that perform scraping with objects and compare whether fishing cats (Felidae) show analogous object use for similar tasks.

Says early humans used 'twigs' and other simple implements as tools, showing that simple sticks can serve as tools for extraction tasks.

One could infer that if other species use simple sticks to extract prey, checking observational reports of fishing cats using twigs would be a reasonable next step.

Describes use of bamboo/wooden poles by humans for practical tasks (e.g., fishing), illustrating that sticks are commonly used as implements in animal–environment interactions.

This supports the plausibility that an animal associated with fishing (by name/behaviour) might use sticks; a student could search ethological records of fishing cats for stick use.

Explains an insect-trapping mechanism in plants, highlighting contexts where insects are accessible in leaves/holes and thereby defining the target resource described in the statement.

Knowing insects can be trapped in plant structures, a student could ask whether fishing cats exploit such microhabitats and whether they employ tools to access trapped insects.

Defines 'scrapers' as a tool type used for scraping (wood and skin), establishing the concept and purpose of scraping tools.

A student could combine this definition with knowledge that primates sometimes use simple tools to infer whether a stick could function as a scraper for extracting insects.

Describes early humans making shaped tools by flaking stone, illustrating that producing tools for specific tasks (like scraping) is a recognizable behavioral category.

One could use this pattern (animals making/using purpose-built tools) to ask whether orangutans exhibit analogous behavior with sticks for insect extraction.

Mentions orangutans and their current distribution and threats, confirming the species is present in regions with tree habitats where insect-foraging could occur.

Knowing orangutans live in forest trees, a student might reasonably look for or expect tree‑related foraging behaviors (e.g., probing holes) that could be aided by stick tools.

Describes human groups using wooden throwing sticks/boomerangs and women gathering insects as part of diet, showing a precedent that sticks are used as implements and insects are a food source.

A student could analogize: if humans use sticks to help gather insects, non‑human primates might use similar simple implements for insect extraction.

Notes bamboo and wooden logs are readily used by people as practical tools/rafts, indicating availability and utility of rigid plant stems as implements.

Using basic ecological knowledge that bamboo/wood is common in orangutan habitats, a student might infer suitable raw materials for stick tools are available to orangutans.

Mentions 'scrapers' as a tool type used for wood working — establishes the general idea of scrapers being used to extract or work materials from wood.

A student could note that if scrapers are used to remove material from wood, one could look for animal behaviour analogues (animals using sticks or scrapers on wood) in field reports of tool use by mammals.

Notes that many animals (cryptozoic) live beneath logs and dead branches, implying logs and holes commonly harbour insects or small prey.

Combine this with knowledge that insect prey hide in logs to hypothesize that a species that forages around logs might benefit from tools to extract hidden insects.

Describes organisms specialised in trapping/obtaining insects, showing that extracting insects from substrates is a known ecological niche.

Use this as a precedent that extracting insects is a viable feeding strategy; then check ethological literature for mammals (including otters) occupying insectivorous niches or using tools for such extraction.

Highlights the wide use and availability of wood and logs from forests, implying that logs/trees are common features in habitats and potential sites where insects hide.

A student could combine habitat prevalence of logs with natural history of otters to assess whether otters commonly encounter such microhabitats and therefore might adopt extraction behaviors.

Describes 'cryptozoic' animals living beneath stones, logs and dead branches — indicating that forests contain hidden insect prey in such microhabitats.

A student could combine this with knowing sloth bears eat insects to ask whether bears access these hidden insects and whether sticks could be useful for extraction.

Lists 'sloth' (sloth bear) as a common animal in tropical evergreen forests where tree hollows and insect-rich logs occur.

Using a map of sloth bear range and knowledge that tropical forests have abundant tree-dwelling insects, one could investigate if bears encounter situations where tool use would help extract prey.

Defines 'scrapers' as tools used for wood working and scraping — establishes the general functional idea of scraping objects from wood.

A student could reason that if an animal needed to remove insects from wood, a scraping stick would be an appropriate tool and so look for behavioral reports of animals doing this.

Includes 'sloth-bear' among carnivorous animals of the region, implying a diet that can include animal prey (e.g., insects).

Combining dietary role with habitat clues, one could hypothesize contexts where sloth bears exploit insect prey and then search ethological literature or field reports for tool-assisted foraging.