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Q87 (IAS/2024) International Relations & Global Affairs › International Organisations & Groupings › International conflicts and crises Official Key

Consider the following pairs : 1. Argentina - Worst economic crisis 2. Sudan - War between the country's regular army and paramilitary forces 3. Turkey - Rescinded its membership of NATO How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched ?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: B
Explanation

The correct answer is option B because only two pairs are correctly matched.

**Pair 1 (Argentina - Worst economic crisis):** This is correctly matched. Argentina experienced its worst economic crisis in 2001-2002, marked by economic collapse, debt default, and severe social unrest.

**Pair 2 (Sudan - War between regular army and paramilitary forces):** This is correctly matched. In 2023, Sudan witnessed a devastating conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (regular army) and the Rapid Support Forces (paramilitary group).

**Pair 3 (Turkey - Rescinded its membership of NATO):** This is **incorrectly matched**. Turkey has remained an important member of NATO, with witnesses[1] underscoring the importance of keeping Turkey in NATO. Turkey initially resisted applications from Sweden and Finland to join NATO[2], but this was about blocking new memberships, not rescinding its own membership. Turkey has never left or rescinded its NATO membership; it has been a continuous member since 1952.

Therefore, pairs 1 and 2 are correct while pair 3 is incorrect, making the answer "Only two pairs."

Sources
  1. [2] https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61397478
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Q. Consider the following pairs : 1. Argentina - Worst economic crisis 2. Sudan - War between the country's regular army and paramilitary fo…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 3.3/10
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This question rewards 'Active Reading' of newspapers over static rote learning. The Turkey statement is a 'sanity check'—a major geopolitical lie inserted to test basic awareness. The Sudan statement tests specific detail (Army vs Paramilitary) rather than just generic 'Civil War'.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
For the country Argentina, did it experience its worst economic crisis in 2001–2002 (the Argentine economic crisis/2001 crisis)?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 16: Balance of Payments > 16.16 Indian Economy > p. 484
Strength: 5/5
“• A substantial outflow of deposits held by non-resident Indians during 1990-91 added to the crisis. Reserves declined to a low of $0.9 billion in January 1991, which could have barely financed three weeks' worth of imports.• India came out of this crisis with an IMF-sponsored bail-out. In course of time, the Indian economy recovered; exports grew as the rupee was devalued; foreign inflows started to pick up and India overcame the worst BOP crisis in its history.”
Why relevant

Describes a severe balance-of-payments crisis that prompted an IMF-sponsored bail-out and subsequent recovery via devaluation and foreign inflows — a pattern typical of large national crises.

How to extend

A student could check whether Argentina in 2001–2002 showed a similar BOP collapse, IMF involvement, and devaluation to judge if that episode matches this crisis pattern.

India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: The Making of a Global World > Box 3 > p. 72
Strength: 4/5
“overseas loans amounted to over $ 1 billion. A year later it was one quarter of that amount. Countries that depended crucially on US loans now faced an acute crisis. The withdrawal of US loans affected much of the rest of the world, though in different ways. In Europe it led to the failure of some major banks and the collapse of currencies such as the British pound sterling. In Latin America and elsewhere it intensified the slump in agricultural and raw material prices. The US attempt to protect its economy in the depression by doubling import duties also dealt another severe blow to world trade.”
Why relevant

Explains how sudden withdrawal of external loans created acute crises in multiple countries and particularly affected Latin America — a common mechanism behind major regional economic collapses.

How to extend

A student could look up Argentina's external debt dynamics and whether sudden capital withdrawal or loss of foreign lending occurred around 2001–2002.

India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: The Making of a Global World > 4.4 End of Bretton Woods and the Beginning of 'Globalisation' > p. 77
Strength: 4/5
“But now they were forced to borrow from Western commercial banks and private lending institutions. This led to periodic debt crises in the developing world, and lower incomes and increased poverty, especially in Africa and Latin America. The industrial world was also hit by unemployment that began rising from the mid-1970s and remained high until the early 1990s. From the late 1970s MNCs also began to shift production operations to low-wage Asian countries. China had been cut off from the post-war world economy since its revolution in 1949. But new economic policies in China and the collapse of the Soviet Union and Soviet-style communism in Eastern Europe brought many countries back into the fold of the world economy.”
Why relevant

Notes the late-20th-century pattern where borrowing from Western banks led to periodic debt crises in the developing world, explicitly mentioning Latin America as vulnerable.

How to extend

Use that pattern to investigate if Argentina’s 2001–2002 episode was part of such a debt-crisis pattern (e.g., unsustainable external borrowing and rising unemployment).

India and the Contemporary World - I. History-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler > 1.3 The Years of Depression > p. 54
Strength: 3/5
“The economic crisis created deep anxieties and fears in people. The middle classes, especially salaried employees and pensioners, saw their savings diminish when the currency lost its value. Small businessmen, the self-employed and retailers suffered as their”
Why relevant

Summarises typical social effects of deep economic crises (currency loss, erosion of savings, middle-class distress), providing indicators to recognise a major crisis.

How to extend

A student could compare social indicators (currency stability, savings value, middle-class hardship) in Argentina in 2001–2002 to see if the episode produced these severe effects.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 16: Balance of Payments > Period III [from 1980-81 to 1990-91] > p. 483
Strength: 3/5
“Severe BOP crisis in India occurred due to large trade deficits. There was decline in net receipt from visibles and reduction in external assistance. This BOP crisis led to major economic reforms by the government.”
Why relevant

Identifies that large trade deficits and falling external receipts can produce a severe BOP crisis leading to major reforms — a structural cause to look for in large crises.

How to extend

Investigate whether Argentina experienced large trade deficits or collapsing external receipts around 2001–2002 as a plausible cause of a severe crisis.

Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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