Who among the following led a successful military campaign against the kingdom of Srivijaya, the powerful maritime State, which ruled the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and the neighbouring islands?

States that the Rashtrakutas 'emerged as the most feared and powerful kingdom' under a series of successful rulers, establishing a pattern of expansionist and militarily capable rulers.

A student could use this pattern plus maps/chronologies to ask whether Rashtrakuta naval or overseas capability around Amoghavarsha's time matched what would be needed to reach Srivijaya.

Describes Rashtrakuta military campaigns in peninsular India (invasions of the Cholas, capture of Kanchi, Thanjavur, march to Rameshvaram), showing they conducted distant expeditions and projected power southwards.

One could extend this by checking whether those southward operations included or were accompanied by naval capability or contacts across the Bay of Bengal toward Southeast Asia.

Says Devapala (Pala) defeated Amoghavarsha and that Devapala granted villages to Balaputradeva of the Sailendra dynasty (Suvarnadipa/Sumatra), indicating political links between Indian rulers and the Sailendra/Srivijaya polity and that Indian-Pala alliances involved Sailendra.

A student could infer that if the Palas allied with Sailendra and fought Rashtrakutas, Rashtrakutas might have had adversarial links with Sailendra/Srivijaya—check diplomatic/military records for evidence of Rashtrakuta–Srivijaya confrontation.

Defines Srivijaya as a major maritime kingdom in Southeast Asia and notes that South Indian kingdoms (Pallavas, Chalukyas) had maritime trade with Southeast Asia, establishing the existence of regular sea links.

Combine this with knowledge of sea routes to see that any Indian military expedition against Srivijaya would require naval operations—so look for records of Rashtrakuta naval expeditions or cooperation with navies.

Gives an explicit example of a South Indian ruler (Chola Rajendra I) mounting a naval operation directed against Srivijaya, showing that Indian kingdoms did conduct overseas military expeditions to Srivijaya.

Use this precedent to assess plausibility: if other South Indian dynasties launched such expeditions, investigate whether Rashtrakuta chronicles similarly record any naval campaign toward Srivijaya.

Notes that Srivijaya (southern Sumatra) was a prominent maritime state c.700–c.1300 and that Indian polities (Cholas) conducted directed naval operations against Srivijaya (Rajendra I).

A student could use this to infer that naval expeditions from Indian kingdoms against Srivijaya were historically plausible and then check Prataparudra's naval capability and chronology against Srivijaya's existence.

Identifies Srivijaya's territorial reach (southern Malay peninsula and Sumatra) and records earlier Pallava/Chola maritime connections with Southeast Asia.

One could combine this geographic detail with a map and Prataparudra's base (Warangal) to judge logistical plausibility of an overseas campaign.

Records that Prataparudradeva (Kakatiya ruler of Warangal) was defeated by Delhi Sultanate forces in 1309, giving a firm late-date and evidence of Kakatiya military pressures at that time.

A student can use this date to compare with Srivijaya's terminal period (c.1300) to see if temporal overlap made a Kakatiya campaign likely or unlikely.

Gives a concrete example (1006 CE) of Srivijaya interacting with Indian polities (a Srivijaya king building a Buddhist temple in Nagapattinam), demonstrating cross-Indian ocean ties.

Use this as evidence of sustained contact between South India and Srivijaya, suggesting diplomatic or military engagements could occur — then check whether such contacts existed in Prataparudra's era.

States that the Kakatiyas (13th century) were among southern states almost destroyed by Delhi Sultanate expeditions, implying constrained resources and military strain on Kakatiya polity.

A student might infer that large-scale overseas expeditions would be less likely if the Kakatiyas were militarily weakened, and thus seek specific records of Kakatiya naval capacity before accepting the statement.