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Q74 (IAS/2025) History & Culture › National Movement (1857–1947) › Social reform movements Answer Verified

Subsequent to which one of the following events, Gandhiji, who consistently opposed untouchability and appealed for its eradication from all spheres, decided to include the upliftment of 'Harijans' in his political and social programme?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

The correct answer is option A. Determined to counter the government's divide and rule policy, Gandhi launched a comprehensive campaign against untouchability—first from jail and then after his release in August 1933. While in jail, he established the All India Anti-Untouchability League in September 1932 and started the weekly Harijan in January 1933.[1] After his release, he conducted an extensive Harijan tour from November 1933 to July 1934, covering 20,000 km, collecting funds for the newly established Harijan Sevak Sangh, and propagating the removal of untouchability.[1] The Poona Pact was signed in September 1932, and it was immediately after this event that Gandhi intensified his focus on Harijan upliftment as a central part of his political and social programme. He even undertook two fasts in 1934 to convince his followers of the seriousness and importance of this cause.[2] The other events mentioned in the options occurred either before this intensive campaign began or after it was already well-established.

Sources
  1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Gandhi's Harijan Campaign and thoughts on Caste > p. 393
  2. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Gandhi's Harijan Campaign and thoughts on Caste > p. 394
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Q. Subsequent to which one of the following events, Gandhiji, who consistently opposed untouchability and appealed for its eradication from …
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Origin: Mixed / unclear origin Fairness: Moderate fairness Books / CA: 5/10 · 0/10
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Statement 1
Did Mahatma Gandhi decide to include the upliftment of "Harijans" in his political and social programme subsequent to the Poona Pact (1932)?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Gandhi's Harijan Campaign and thoughts on Caste > p. 393
Presence: 5/5
“Determined to undo the divisive intentions of the government's divide and rule policy, Gandhi gave up all his other preoccupations and launched a whirlwind campaign against untouchability—first from jail and then, after his release in August 1933, from outside jail. While in jail, he set up the All India Anti-Untouchability League in September 1932 and started the weekly Harijan in January 1933. After his release, he shifted to the Satyagraha Ashram in Wardha as he had vowed in 1930 not to return to Sabarmati Ashram unless swaraj was won. Starting from Wardha, he conducted a Harijan tour of the country in the period from November 1933 to July 1934, covering 20,000 km, collecting money for his newly set up Harijan Sevak Sangh, and propagating removal of untouchability in all its forms.”
Why this source?
  • Records Gandhi setting up All India Anti-Untouchability League in September 1932 and launching the weekly Harijan (Jan 1933).
  • Describes a nationwide Harijan tour (Nov 1933–July 1934) and fundraising for Harijan organisations to propagate removal of untouchability.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 8: Socio-Religious Reform Movements: General Features > Direction of Social Reform > p. 201
Presence: 4/5
“His ideas were based on the grounds of humanism and reason. He argued that the Shastras did not sanction untouchability and, even if they did, they should be ignored since truth cannot be confined within the covers of a book. In 1932, he founded the All India Harijan Sangh. ● With increasing opportunities of education and general awakening, there were stirrings among the lower castes themselves. This awakening gradually developed into a powerful movement in defence of their rights and against upper caste oppression. In Maharashtra, Jyotiba Phule,”
Why this source?
  • Notes Gandhi founded the All India Harijan Sangh in 1932, indicating an organisational commitment to Harijan uplift.
  • Places the institutional step in the same year as Poona Pact, linking chronology and policy focus.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Gandhi's Harijan Campaign and thoughts on Caste > p. 394
Presence: 4/5
“and work for social, economic, political and cultural upliftment of the Harijans. He undertook two fasts—on May 8 and August 16, 1934—to convince his followers of the seriousness of his effort and the importance of the issue. These fasts created consternation in nationalist ranks throwing many into an emotional crisis. Throughout his campaign, Gandhi was attacked by orthodox and reactionary elements. These elements disrupted his meetings, held black flag demonstrations against him and accused him of attacking Hinduism. They also offered support to the government against the Congress and the Civil Disobedience Movement. The government obliged them by defeating the Temple Entry Bill in August 1934.”
Why this source?
  • Specifies Gandhi worked for social, economic, political and cultural upliftment of Harijans and undertook fasts in 1934 to press the issue.
  • Shows continued and active campaigning after 1932, including measures that provoked opposition and legislative responses.
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