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Q77 (IAS/2020) History & Culture › National Movement (1857–1947) › Gandhian mass movements Official Key

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included which of the following ? 1. Invitation to Congress to participate in the Round Table Conference 2. Withdrawal of Ordinances promulgated in connection with the Civil Disobedience Movement 3. Acceptance of Gandhiji's suggestion for enquiry into police excesses 4. Release of only those prisoners who were not charged with violence Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Explanation

The correct answer is Option 2 (1, 2 and 4 only). The Gandhi-Irwin Pact, signed in March 1931, served as a political compromise between the Indian National Congress and the British Government.

  • Statement 1 is correct: The Congress agreed to discontinue the Civil Disobedience Movement and participate in the Second Round Table Conference.
  • Statement 2 is correct: The British Government agreed to withdraw all ordinances issued to curb the Civil Disobedience Movement.
  • Statement 4 is correct: A critical clause was the release of political prisoners, but this was strictly limited to those not charged with violence. This led to significant public discontent as it excluded revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh.
  • Statement 3 is incorrect: Lord Irwin categorically rejected Gandhiji's demand for a public inquiry into police excesses, making this a major point of concession by the Congress.

Thus, while the pact secured the release of peaceful protesters and the right to make salt for personal use, it did not grant an inquiry into police conduct.

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Q. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included which of the following ? 1. Invitation to Congress to participate in the Round Table Conference 2. Withd…
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Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Moderate fairness Books / CA: 7.5/10 · 2.5/10
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This is a classic 'Terms & Conditions' question found verbatim in standard texts like Spectrum (Chapter 19). The difficulty lies only in recalling the 'Rejected Demands' list. If you memorized what Gandhi *failed* to get (Bhagat Singh's commutation, Police enquiry), the answer is immediate.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Did the Gandhi-Irwin Pact include an invitation to the Indian National Congress to participate in the Round Table Conference?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Nationalism in India > The Independence Day Pledge, 26 January 1930 > p. 40
Presence: 5/5
“By this Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference (the Congress had boycotted the first”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states that by the Gandhi–Irwin Pact Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference.
  • Directly links the pact to Congress engagement with the Round Table process.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Ideological Differences and Similarities between Gandhi and Ambedkar > p. 400
Presence: 5/5
“Agitation against 'Cunningham Circular' in Assam. No rent campaign in UP. Mass participation of women, students, some sections of Muslims, merchants and petty traders, tribals, workers and peasants. • Col1: ● Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March 1931) Congress agreed to attend Second RTC and to withdraw CDM. • Col1: ● Karachi Congress Session (March 1931) Endorsed Delhi Pact between Gandhi and Irwin. Passed resolutions on economic programme and fundamental rights. • Col1: ● The Round Table Conference The Second RTC Right wing in Britain against concessions to Indians. • Col1: Session got deadlocked on question of safeguards to minorities. ● December 1931 - April 1934: Second phase of Civil Disobedience Movement • Col1: ● Communal Award (1932) and Poona Pact Provided separate electorates to depressed classes.”
Why this source?
  • Summarises the pact as causing the Congress to agree to attend the Second Round Table Conference.
  • Frames the pact as the mechanism by which Congress participation in the RTC was secured.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Second Round Table Conference > p. 384
Presence: 4/5
“Members of the Indian Liberal Party such as Tej Bahadur Sapru, C.Y. Chintamani and Srinivasa Sastri appealed to Gandhi to talk with the Viceroy. Gandhi and Irwin reached a compromise which came to be called the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (the Delhi Pact). The second Round Table Conference was held in London from September 7, 1931 to December 1, 1931. The Indian National Congress nominated Gandhi as its sole representative. A. Rangaswami Iyengar and Madan Mohan Malaviya were also there. There were a large number of Indian participants, besides the Congress.”
Why this source?
  • Describes the pact as a compromise between Gandhi and Irwin and notes Congress nominated Gandhi as its sole representative to the Second RTC.
  • Shows the practical outcome of the pact: Congress representation at the Round Table Conference.
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Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

CDS-I · 2021 · Q1 Relevance score: 2.52

Which one of the following statements about the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931 is correct ?

CDS-I · 2011 · Q48 Relevance score: 1.13

Which one among the following was part of Gandhi-Irwin Agreement of 1931?

CDS-II · 2025 · Q56 Relevance score: 0.49

Consider the following events : 1. Muslim League Resolution for Pakistan 2. Gandhi-Irwin Pact 3. Dandi March 4. Second Round Table Conference Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of the given events (earliest to latest) ?

IAS · 2025 · Q74 Relevance score: 0.37

Subsequent to which one of the following events, Gandhiji, who consistently opposed untouchability and appealed for its eradication from all spheres, decided to include the upliftment of 'Harijans' in his political and social programme?

CAPF · 2017 · Q16 Relevance score: -0.28

Which among the following was NOT the provision of the Gandhi-Irwin pact ?