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Q77 (IAS/2020) History & Culture › National Movement (1857–1947) › Gandhian mass movements Official Key

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included which of the following ? 1. Invitation to Congress to participate in the Round Table Conference 2. Withdrawal of Ordinances promulgated in connection with the Civil Disobedience Movement 3. Acceptance of Gandhiji's suggestion for enquiry into police excesses 4. Release of only those prisoners who were not charged with violence Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Explanation

The correct answer is Option 2 (1, 2 and 4 only). The Gandhi-Irwin Pact, signed in March 1931, served as a political compromise between the Indian National Congress and the British Government.

  • Statement 1 is correct: The Congress agreed to discontinue the Civil Disobedience Movement and participate in the Second Round Table Conference.
  • Statement 2 is correct: The British Government agreed to withdraw all ordinances issued to curb the Civil Disobedience Movement.
  • Statement 4 is correct: A critical clause was the release of political prisoners, but this was strictly limited to those not charged with violence. This led to significant public discontent as it excluded revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh.
  • Statement 3 is incorrect: Lord Irwin categorically rejected Gandhiji's demand for a public inquiry into police excesses, making this a major point of concession by the Congress.

Thus, while the pact secured the release of peaceful protesters and the right to make salt for personal use, it did not grant an inquiry into police conduct.

PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included which of the following ? 1. Invitation to Congress to participate in the Round Table Conference 2. Withd…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Moderate fairness Books / CA: 7.5/10 · 2.5/10

This is a classic 'Terms & Conditions' question found verbatim in standard texts like Spectrum (Chapter 19). The difficulty lies only in recalling the 'Rejected Demands' list. If you memorized what Gandhi *failed* to get (Bhagat Singh's commutation, Police enquiry), the answer is immediate.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Did the Gandhi-Irwin Pact include an invitation to the Indian National Congress to participate in the Round Table Conference?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Nationalism in India > The Independence Day Pledge, 26 January 1930 > p. 40
Presence: 5/5
“By this Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference (the Congress had boycotted the first”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states that by the Gandhi–Irwin Pact Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference.
  • Directly links the pact to Congress engagement with the Round Table process.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Ideological Differences and Similarities between Gandhi and Ambedkar > p. 400
Presence: 5/5
“Agitation against 'Cunningham Circular' in Assam. No rent campaign in UP. Mass participation of women, students, some sections of Muslims, merchants and petty traders, tribals, workers and peasants. • Col1: ● Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March 1931) Congress agreed to attend Second RTC and to withdraw CDM. • Col1: ● Karachi Congress Session (March 1931) Endorsed Delhi Pact between Gandhi and Irwin. Passed resolutions on economic programme and fundamental rights. • Col1: ● The Round Table Conference The Second RTC Right wing in Britain against concessions to Indians. • Col1: Session got deadlocked on question of safeguards to minorities. ● December 1931 - April 1934: Second phase of Civil Disobedience Movement • Col1: ● Communal Award (1932) and Poona Pact Provided separate electorates to depressed classes.”
Why this source?
  • Summarises the pact as causing the Congress to agree to attend the Second Round Table Conference.
  • Frames the pact as the mechanism by which Congress participation in the RTC was secured.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Second Round Table Conference > p. 384
Presence: 4/5
“Members of the Indian Liberal Party such as Tej Bahadur Sapru, C.Y. Chintamani and Srinivasa Sastri appealed to Gandhi to talk with the Viceroy. Gandhi and Irwin reached a compromise which came to be called the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (the Delhi Pact). The second Round Table Conference was held in London from September 7, 1931 to December 1, 1931. The Indian National Congress nominated Gandhi as its sole representative. A. Rangaswami Iyengar and Madan Mohan Malaviya were also there. There were a large number of Indian participants, besides the Congress.”
Why this source?
  • Describes the pact as a compromise between Gandhi and Irwin and notes Congress nominated Gandhi as its sole representative to the Second RTC.
  • Shows the practical outcome of the pact: Congress representation at the Round Table Conference.
Statement 2
Did the Gandhi-Irwin Pact provide for the withdrawal of ordinances promulgated in connection with the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Gandhi-Irwin Pact > p. 379
Presence: 5/5
“Irwin on behalf of the government agreed on— • 1. immediate release of all political prisoners not convicted of violence;• 2. remission of all fines not yet collected;• 3. return of all lands not yet sold to third parties;• 4. lenient treatment to those government servants who had resigned;• 5. right to make salt in coastal villages for personal consumption (not for sale);• 6. right to peaceful and non-aggressive picketing; and 7. withdrawal of emergency ordinances. The viceroy, however, turned down two of Gandhi's demands— • (i) public inquiry into police excesses, and• (ii) commutation of Bhagat Singh and his comrades' death sentence to life sentence.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly lists 'withdrawal of emergency ordinances' among the items Irwin agreed to under the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
  • Appears in the compact enumeration of concessions given by the Viceroy, directly addressing ordinances tied to the movement.
THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 11: MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT > 3.2 Dialogues > p. 300
Presence: 3/5
“To that end, the British government convened a series of "Round Table Conferences" in London. The first meeting was held in November 1930, but without the pre-eminent political leader in India, thus rendering it an exercise in futility. Gandhiji was released from jail in January 1931 and the following month had several long meetings with the Viceroy. These culminated in what was called the "Gandhi-Irwin Pact', by the terms of which civil disobedience would be called off, all prisoners released, and salt manufacture allowed along the coast. The pact was criticised by radical nationalists, for Gandhiji was unable to obtain from the Viceroy a commitment to political independence for Indians; he could obtain merely an assurance of talks towards that possible end.”
Why this source?
  • Describes the Gandhi–Irwin Pact as the settlement that called off civil disobedience and granted several concessions, providing contextual support that the pact included concrete government measures.
  • Confirms the pact's role in ending the movement and securing specific rights and releases, consistent with the pact containing ordinance-related concessions.
Statement 3
Did the Gandhi-Irwin Pact include acceptance of Mahatma Gandhi's suggestion to hold an inquiry into police excesses?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Gandhi will no longer press his demands for an inquiry into police excesses, and will end the civil disobedience campaign."
Why this source?
  • Directly states Gandhi agreed to stop pressing for an inquiry into police excesses as part of the agreement.
  • Implies the pact did not include acceptance of Gandhi's demand for such an inquiry, since Gandhi 'will no longer press' it.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was followed by the release of all political prisoners who were not convicted of violence, remission of fines, and return of some confiscated lands. ... The Congress agreed to end the Civil Disobedience Movement and take part in the Second Round Table Conference later that year."
Why this source?
  • Lists the concrete terms accepted in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (releases, remission of fines, return of lands) without mentioning any inquiry.
  • Shows the pact's focus on prisoner release and ending the movement rather than on instituting an inquiry into police conduct.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Gandhi-Irwin Pact > p. 379
Strength: 5/5
“Irwin on behalf of the government agreed on— • 1. immediate release of all political prisoners not convicted of violence;• 2. remission of all fines not yet collected;• 3. return of all lands not yet sold to third parties;• 4. lenient treatment to those government servants who had resigned;• 5. right to make salt in coastal villages for personal consumption (not for sale);• 6. right to peaceful and non-aggressive picketing; and 7. withdrawal of emergency ordinances. The viceroy, however, turned down two of Gandhi's demands— • (i) public inquiry into police excesses, and• (ii) commutation of Bhagat Singh and his comrades' death sentence to life sentence.”
Why relevant

Gives the pact's agreed items in a numbered list and then explicitly states the viceroy turned down two of Gandhi's demands, one being a public inquiry into police excesses.

How to extend

A student could compare this list of agreed items with independent reproductions of the pact text or contemporary newspaper/official records to see whether an inquiry appears among the pact terms.

THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 11: MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT > 3.2 Dialogues > p. 300
Strength: 4/5
“To that end, the British government convened a series of "Round Table Conferences" in London. The first meeting was held in November 1930, but without the pre-eminent political leader in India, thus rendering it an exercise in futility. Gandhiji was released from jail in January 1931 and the following month had several long meetings with the Viceroy. These culminated in what was called the "Gandhi-Irwin Pact', by the terms of which civil disobedience would be called off, all prisoners released, and salt manufacture allowed along the coast. The pact was criticised by radical nationalists, for Gandhiji was unable to obtain from the Viceroy a commitment to political independence for Indians; he could obtain merely an assurance of talks towards that possible end.”
Why relevant

Summarises the pact terms (civil disobedience called off, prisoners released, salt manufacture allowed) showing what the pact did include, which helps detect omissions such as an inquiry.

How to extend

Use the summary of included terms as a checklist and verify absence of an inquiry by consulting the full agreement text or official communiqués.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Advent of Gandhi and Mass Mobilisation > 4.7 The Round Table Conferences > p. 53
Strength: 4/5
“The movement had generated worldwide publicity, and Viceroy Irwin was looking for a way to end it. Gandhi was released from custody in January 1931. and the two men began negotiating the terms of the pact. In the end, Gandhi pledged to give up the satyagraha campaign, and Irwin agreed to release tens of thousands of Indians who had been jailed during the movement. Second Round Table Conference with Gandhi That year Gandhi attended the Second Round Table Conference in London as the sole representative of the Congress. The government agreed to allow people to make salt for their consumption, release political prisoners who had not indulged in violence, and permitted the picketing of liquor and foreign cloth shops.”
Why relevant

Also lists concrete concessions granted by the government (salt, release of prisoners, picketing permitted), reinforcing a pattern of what kinds of demands were accepted.

How to extend

A student could note the pattern of concessions (practical/administrative) and infer that acceptance of a public inquiry (a judicial/administrative probe) would likely be explicitly recorded if agreed, so its absence in such lists is suggestive.

India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Nationalism in India > The Independence Day Pledge, 26 January 1930 > p. 40
Strength: 3/5
“When Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a devout disciple of Mahatma Gandhi, was arrested in April 1930, angry crowds demonstrated in the streets of Peshawar, facing armoured cars and police firing. Many were killed. A month later, when Mahatma Gandhi himself was arrested, industrial workers in Sholapur attacked police posts, municipal buildings, lawcourts and railway stations – all structures that symbolised British rule. A frightened government responded with a policy of brutal repression. Peaceful satyagrahis were attacked, women and children were beaten, and about 100,000 people were arrested. In such a situation, Mahatma Gandhi once again decided to call off the movement and entered into a pact with Irwin on 5 March 1931.”
Why relevant

Describes the scale of repression that motivated Gandhi's demand for an inquiry into police excesses, explaining why such a demand would have been raised during negotiations.

How to extend

Combine this context (widespread police repression) with the pact summaries to judge plausibility: if repression was a central issue but inquiry is not listed among concessions, that is a significant omission to check against original texts.

THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 11: MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT > Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement Civil Disobedience and Beyond > p. 313
Strength: 3/5
“‹ Read the Fortnightly Reports carefully. Remember they are extracts from confidential reports of the colonial Home Department. These reports did not always accept what the police reported from different localities. (1) How do you think the nature of the source affects what is being said in these reports? Write a short note illustrating your argument with quotations from the above text. (2) Why do you think the Home Department was continuously reporting on what people thought about the possibility of Mahatma Gandhi's arrest? Reread what Gandhiji said about the question of arrests in his speech on 5 April 1930 at Dandi. (3) Why do you think Mahatma Gandhi was not arrested? (4) Why do you think the Home Department continued to say that the march was not evoking any response?”
Why relevant

Notes that Home Department/official reports sometimes questioned police accounts, implying official awareness of contested police behaviour and that inquiries or investigations were a conceivable demand.

How to extend

A student could use this rule (official reports sometimes doubting police versions) to argue that a demand for a public inquiry was plausible and then look for mention/acceptance of such an inquiry in government records or the pact text.

Statement 4
Did the Gandhi-Irwin Pact provide for the release of only those prisoners who were not charged with violence?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Gandhi-Irwin Pact > p. 379
Presence: 5/5
“Irwin on behalf of the government agreed on— • 1. immediate release of all political prisoners not convicted of violence;• 2. remission of all fines not yet collected;• 3. return of all lands not yet sold to third parties;• 4. lenient treatment to those government servants who had resigned;• 5. right to make salt in coastal villages for personal consumption (not for sale);• 6. right to peaceful and non-aggressive picketing; and 7. withdrawal of emergency ordinances. The viceroy, however, turned down two of Gandhi's demands— • (i) public inquiry into police excesses, and• (ii) commutation of Bhagat Singh and his comrades' death sentence to life sentence.”
Why this source?
  • Explicit pact term: 'immediate release of all political prisoners not convicted of violence'.
  • Lists the release condition using the phrase 'not convicted of violence', directly matching the statement.
Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 15: Struggle for Swaraj > The Second Civil Disobedience Movement > p. 289
Presence: 5/5
“Finally, Lord Irwin and Gandhi negotiated a settlement in March 1931. The Government agreed to release those political prisoners who had remained non-violent, while the Congress suspended the Civil Disobedience Movement and agreed to take part in the Second Round Table Conference.”
Why this source?
  • Direct summary of the March 1931 settlement saying the Government agreed to release political prisoners who had remained non-violent.
  • Connects the release clause specifically to the Gandhi–Irwin agreement.
History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Advent of Gandhi and Mass Mobilisation > 4.7 The Round Table Conferences > p. 53
Presence: 4/5
“The movement had generated worldwide publicity, and Viceroy Irwin was looking for a way to end it. Gandhi was released from custody in January 1931. and the two men began negotiating the terms of the pact. In the end, Gandhi pledged to give up the satyagraha campaign, and Irwin agreed to release tens of thousands of Indians who had been jailed during the movement. Second Round Table Conference with Gandhi That year Gandhi attended the Second Round Table Conference in London as the sole representative of the Congress. The government agreed to allow people to make salt for their consumption, release political prisoners who had not indulged in violence, and permitted the picketing of liquor and foreign cloth shops.”
Why this source?
  • States the government agreed to release political prisoners 'who had not indulged in violence'.
  • Also records Gandhi's release and negotiation context, supporting the scope and intent of the pact.
Pattern takeaway: UPSC Modern History questions on treaties are legalistic. They test the exact clauses. You must distinguish between 'Political Prisoners' generally and 'Non-violent Prisoners' specifically.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Directly solvable from Spectrum (Modern India) > Chapter 19 > Gandhi-Irwin Pact section.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: The 'Truce' phase of the National Movement (1931) and the transition from Mass Movement (CDM) to Constitutional Negotiation (RTC).
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the specific 'Accepted' vs 'Rejected' list: Accepted -> Salt for personal use, Peaceful picketing, Return of unsold lands. Rejected -> Commutation of Bhagat Singh/Rajguru/Sukhdev death sentences, Public enquiry into police excesses.
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: When studying historical Pacts (Lucknow, Delhi/Gandhi-Irwin, Poona), do not just read the summary. Create a T-Chart of 'Demands vs Concessions'. UPSC traps are almost always hidden in the 'Rejected' column or the 'Fine Print' (e.g., 'prisoners NOT charged with violence').
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Gandhi–Irwin Pact: terms and political consequences
💡 The insight

The pact ended civil disobedience, secured release of prisoners, and produced consent by Gandhi/Congress to engage with the Round Table Conference.

High-yield for questions on negotiation outcomes in the freedom movement; links civil disobedience campaigns to formal constitutional talks and helps explain shifts from protest to negotiation. Useful for essays and source-based questions on causes and consequences of agreements.

📚 Reading List :
  • India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Nationalism in India > The Independence Day Pledge, 26 January 1930 > p. 40
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Gandhi-Irwin Pact > p. 379
  • THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 11: MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT > 3.2 Dialogues > p. 300
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Gandhi-Irwin Pact include an invitation to the Indian National Congress ..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Congress participation in the Second Round Table Conference
💡 The insight

The Congress agreed to attend the Second RTC and nominated Gandhi as its sole representative following the pact.

Important for understanding representation and bargaining power in imperial constitutional negotiations; helps answer questions on leadership roles, delegation choices, and the limits of negotiation. Enables comparisons between different RTCs and why Congress skipped others.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Second Round Table Conference > p. 384
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Ideological Differences and Similarities between Gandhi and Ambedkar > p. 400
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Gandhi-Irwin Pact include an invitation to the Indian National Congress ..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Karachi Session endorsement and internal reactions
💡 The insight

The Karachi Congress session formally endorsed the Delhi (Gandhi–Irwin) Pact and reflects internal political response to attending the RTC.

Helps explain intra-party dynamics and legitimacy of political decisions; vital for questions on mass responses, party endorsements, and the impact of major events (e.g., executions) on political consensus. Useful for connecting national decision-making with grassroots reactions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Karachi Congress Session—1931 > p. 381
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Ideological Differences and Similarities between Gandhi and Ambedkar > p. 400
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Gandhi-Irwin Pact include an invitation to the Indian National Congress ..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Gandhi–Irwin Pact: Enumerated Concessions
💡 The insight

The pact specified a list of concrete concessions by the government including withdrawal of emergency ordinances and release of non-violent political prisoners.

High-yield for paper II/modern history: questions often ask for specific terms of negotiations between Congress and the Raj. Mastering the pact's enumerated items helps answer causation and consequence questions and links to topics on colonial concession-making and negotiation strategy.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Gandhi-Irwin Pact > p. 379
  • THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 11: MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT > 3.2 Dialogues > p. 300
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Gandhi-Irwin Pact provide for the withdrawal of ordinances promulgated i..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement
💡 The insight

One immediate outcome of the Gandhi–Irwin Pact was the calling off/suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement in exchange for government concessions.

Important for understanding Gandhian strategy and Congress tactics; explains short-term compromises versus long-term goals. Useful for timeline, cause-effect, and evaluation questions on non-cooperation and satyagraha.

📚 Reading List :
  • Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 15: Struggle for Swaraj > The Second Civil Disobedience Movement > p. 289
  • THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 11: MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT > 3.2 Dialogues > p. 300
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Gandhi-Irwin Pact provide for the withdrawal of ordinances promulgated i..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Limits of Concessions—Demands Refused
💡 The insight

While the pact granted several concessions, it also left out key demands such as commutation of Bhagat Singh's sentence and public inquiry into police excesses.

Useful to contrast negotiated gains with unresolved issues; helps answer questions on the political limitations of negotiations and how partial concessions affected subsequent movements and public opinion.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Gandhi-Irwin Pact > p. 379
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Advent of Gandhi and Mass Mobilisation > 4.7 The Round Table Conferences > p. 53
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Gandhi-Irwin Pact provide for the withdrawal of ordinances promulgated i..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Terms of the Gandhi–Irwin Pact
💡 The insight

The pact specified concrete concessions (release of non-violent political prisoners, salt manufacture for personal use, permitted picketing) rather than agreeing to all of Gandhi's demands.

High-yield for UPSC: questions often ask for the specific provisions and limits of negotiated settlements during the freedom struggle. Mastering the pact's listed terms helps contrast negotiated concessions with demands that were refused, and links to topics on Civil Disobedience and Round Table Conferences.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Gandhi-Irwin Pact > p. 379
  • THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 11: MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT > 3.2 Dialogues > p. 300
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Advent of Gandhi and Mass Mobilisation > 4.7 The Round Table Conferences > p. 53
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Gandhi-Irwin Pact include acceptance of Mahatma Gandhi's suggestion to h..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The Karachi Session (1931) presided by Vallabhbhai Patel. It endorsed this Pact but is more famous for the Resolution on Fundamental Rights and National Economic Programme (drafted by Nehru). Expect a question on the specific content of that Economic Programme.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Apply the 'State Prestige' logic to Statement 3. A colonial authoritarian regime (British Raj) would never agree to a formal 'enquiry into police excesses' as it would demoralize their own enforcement machinery and admit guilt. If 3 is impossible, Options C and D are eliminated instantly.

🔗 Mains Connection

Link 'Withdrawal of Ordinances' to Indian Polity (Article 123). Contrast the Colonial Viceroy's ordinance power (used to suppress rights) with the Constitutional President's ordinance power (subject to judicial review and legislative approval).

✓ Thank you! We'll review this.

SIMILAR QUESTIONS

CDS-I · 2021 · Q1 Relevance score: 2.52

Which one of the following statements about the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931 is correct ?

CDS-I · 2011 · Q48 Relevance score: 1.13

Which one among the following was part of Gandhi-Irwin Agreement of 1931?

CDS-II · 2025 · Q56 Relevance score: 0.49

Consider the following events : 1. Muslim League Resolution for Pakistan 2. Gandhi-Irwin Pact 3. Dandi March 4. Second Round Table Conference Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of the given events (earliest to latest) ?

IAS · 2025 · Q74 Relevance score: 0.37

Subsequent to which one of the following events, Gandhiji, who consistently opposed untouchability and appealed for its eradication from all spheres, decided to include the upliftment of 'Harijans' in his political and social programme?

CAPF · 2017 · Q16 Relevance score: -0.28

Which among the following was NOT the provision of the Gandhi-Irwin pact ?