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Q55 (IAS/2025) Polity & Governance › Fundamental Rights, DPSP & Fundamental Duties › Fundamental Rights framework Answer Verified

Consider the following pairs : Provision in the Constitution of India I. Separation of Judiciary from the Executive in the public services of the State II. Valuing and preserving of the rich heritage of our composite culture III. Prohibition of employment of children below the age of 14 years in factories Stated under I. The Directive Principles of the State Policy II. The Fundamental Duties III. The Fundamental Rights How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: C
Explanation

All three pairs are correctly matched.

**Pair I:** The separation of the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State is mentioned in Article 50[1], which falls under the Directive Principles of State Policy. This is correctly matched.

**Pair II:** The Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976, and Part IV-A of the Constitution specifies duties including preserving the rich heritage of our composite culture[2]. One of the fundamental duties is to preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture[3]. This is correctly matched.

**Pair III:** Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mine or other hazardous activities[4]. Article 24 (prohibition of employment of children in hazardous employment) is included in Part III of the Constitution, which deals with Fundamental Rights[5]. This is correctly matched.

Therefore, all three pairs are correctly matched, making option C the correct answer.

Sources
  1. [1] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 9: Directive Principles of State Policy > Liberal-Intellectual Principles > p. 110
  2. [2] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > mi l Fundamental Duties > p. 31
  3. [3] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 162
  4. [4] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 8: Fundamental Rights > Fli Prohibition of Employment of Children in Factories, etc. > p. 93
  5. [5] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 100
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Consider the following pairs : Provision in the Constitution of India I. Separation of Judiciary from the Executive in the public servi…
At a glance
Origin: From standard books Fairness: High fairness Books / CA: 10/10 · 0/10

This is a 'Zero-Error Zone' question. The distinction between Part III (Rights), Part IV (DPSP), and Part IV-A (Duties) is the alphabet of Indian Polity. If you get this wrong, you are out of the race. The strategy is simple: Rote memorization of Articles 1 through 51A is non-negotiable.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Which part or article of the Constitution of India contains the provision on "Separation of Judiciary from the Executive in the public services of the State"?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 9: Directive Principles of State Policy > Liberal-Intellectual Principles > p. 110
Presence: 5/5
“To protect monuments, places and objects of artistic or historic interest which are declared to be of national importance (Article 49). • 6. To separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State (Article 50). • 7. To promote international peace and security and maintain just and honourable relations between nations; to foster respect for international law and treaty obligations, and to encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration (Article 51).”
Why this source?
  • Directly lists 'To separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State' and cites Article 50.
  • Appears in the chapter on Directive Principles of State Policy, linking the provision to a specific article number.
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 74: Public Services > CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS > p. 548
Presence: 3/5
“Articles 308 to 314 in part XIV of the Constitution contain provisions with regard to all-India services, Central services and state services.”
Why this source?
  • Identifies Articles 308–314 in Part XIV as the cluster that deals with all-India, central and state public services, giving contextual location for 'public services'.
  • Helps connect the subject 'public services' to the constitutional structure so aspirants can relate Article 50 to service-related provisions.
Statement 2
Which part or article of the Constitution of India contains the duty "to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture"?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 161
Presence: 5/5
“II. The Fundamental Duties<sup>390</sup> are 10 [now 11]<sup>391</sup> in number, incorporated in Article 51A [Part IVA], which has been inserted by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976. Under this • Article, it shall be the duty of every citizen of India- • (i) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; • (ii) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; • (iii) to protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; • (iv) to defend the country;”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states that the Fundamental Duties are incorporated in Article 51A (Part IV‑A).
  • Frames these duties as obligations 'of every citizen', linking location (Article 51A) to content (the duties).
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > mi l Fundamental Duties > p. 31
Presence: 5/5
“The original constitution did not provide for the Fundamental Duties of the citizens. These were added during the operation of internal emergency (1975-77) by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002 added one more fundamental duty. Part IV-A of the Constitution (which consists of only one Article 51-A) specifies the eleven Fundamental Duties, viz., to respect the Constitution, national flag and national anthem; to protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of the country; to promote the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people; to preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture and so on.”
Why this source?
  • Specifies that Part IV‑A consists only of Article 51A and that it lists eleven Fundamental Duties.
  • Names the duty 'to preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture' as part of the Article 51A list.
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 162
Presence: 5/5
“(v) to promote the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India; (vi) to preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; (vii) to protect and improve the natural environment; (viii) to develop the scientific temper and spirit of inquiry; (ix) to safeguard public property; (x) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity! "Composite culture". In this context, it would be better to remove a misnomer involved in the expression "composite culture" in clause (f) of Article 51A. The Supreme Court has now pointed out that To quote the Supreme Court: Though the people of this country differed in a number of ways, they all were proud to regard themselves as part of a common heritage, and that heritage emphatically is the heritage of Sanskrit.”
Why this source?
  • Contains the exact duty phrase 'to preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture'.
  • Refers to clause (f) of Article 51A and discusses interpretative observations about 'composite culture'.
Statement 3
Which part or article of the Constitution of India contains the provision "prohibition of employment of children below the age of 14 years in factories"?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 8: Fundamental Rights > Fli Prohibition of Employment of Children in Factories, etc. > p. 93
Presence: 5/5
“Prohibition of Employment of Children in Factories, etc. Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mine or other hazardous activities like construction work or railway. But it does not prohibit their employment in any harmless or innocent work. The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, is the most important law in this direction. In addition, the Employment of Children Act, 1938; the Factories Act, 1948; the Mines Act, 1952; the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958; the Plantation Labour Act, 1951; the Motor Transport Workers Act, 1951; Apprentices Act, 1961; the Bidi and Cigar Workers Act, 1966; and other similar acts prohibit the employment of children below certain age.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly names Article 24 as prohibiting employment of children below 14 years in any factory, mine or other hazardous activities.
  • Places the prohibition in the constitutional context and references related statutory measures (Child Labour Act) that implement the rule.
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 100
Presence: 5/5
“INTRODUCTION TO THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA Article 21-A was added by the Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002 thus making free and compulsory education to children of the age of 6 to 14 years, a fundamental right, within the meaning of Part III of the Constitution.​40​. It should be noted, however, that there are certain rights included in Part III which are available not only against the State but also against private individuals, eg, Article 15(2) [equality in regard to access to and use of places of public resort]; Article 17 [prohibition of untouchability]; Article 18(3)-(4) [prohibition of acceptance of foreign title]; Article 23 [prohibition of traffic in human beings]; Article 24 [prohibition of employment of children in hazardous employment] We may now proceed to a survey of the various fundamental rights, in particular.”
Why this source?
  • Identifies Article 24 as part of Part III (Fundamental Rights) of the Constitution.
  • Clarifies that Article 24 is a fundamental-rights provision enforceable beyond the State (applicable against private parties in hazardous employment).
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > INTRODUCTION TO THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA > p. 138
Presence: 5/5
“It is to be noted that the prohibition imposed by this Article is absolute and does Article 24: Prohibition of Employment of Children in Factories, etc. not admit of any exception for the employment of a child in a factory or mine or in any other "hazardous employment", eg, in a railway or a port. The Supreme Court directed that children should not be employed in hazardous jobs in factories and positive steps should be taken for the welfare. of such children as well as improving the quality of their life<sup>295</sup> and the employers of children below 14 years must comply with the provisions of the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act providing for compensation, employment of their parents/guardians and their education.”
Why this source?
  • Describes Article 24 as imposing an absolute prohibition on employment of children in hazardous jobs, reinforcing the substantive content of the Article.
  • Notes judicial direction and employer obligations tied to the Article, strengthening its practical enforcement significance.
Pattern takeaway: UPSC loves the 'Content vs. Container' game. They will take a provision that sounds like a Right and ask if it's a DPSP. The pattern is to test your clarity on the exact constitutional 'address' of a provision.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Absolute Sitter. Direct lift from Laxmikanth Chapters 8, 9, and 9A (or D.D. Basu/NCERT).
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: The 'Constitutional Scheme'—specifically the overlap and distinction between Justiciable Rights, Non-justiciable Directives, and Civic Duties.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Map the 'Triads'—topics that appear in all three parts. (1) Education: Art 21A (Right), Art 45 (DPSP), Art 51A-k (Duty). (2) Environment: Art 48A (DPSP), Art 51A-g (Duty). (3) Culture: Art 29 (Right), Art 49 (DPSP), Art 51A-f (Duty). Memorize the specific verbs: 'Protect' vs 'Cherish' vs 'Strive'.
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Do not just read the provisions; analyze the 'Tone of Voice'. Rights are negative injunctions ('No person shall...'), Duties are moral exhortations ('To cherish...'), and DPSPs are instructions to the State ('The State shall strive...').
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Article 50 — Separation of Judiciary from the Executive
💡 The insight

Article 50 is the specific constitutional article that prescribes separation of the judiciary from the executive in public services.

High-yield for Polity: knowing the exact article enables quick answers in questions on Directive Principles and separation of powers. It links directly to topics on constitutional provisions and administrative structure, and allows candidates to distinguish location-level provisions from service-related provisions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 9: Directive Principles of State Policy > Liberal-Intellectual Principles > p. 110
🔗 Anchor: "Which part or article of the Constitution of India contains the provision on "Se..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV) — location of Article 50
💡 The insight

The separation provision is framed under the Directive Principles, so it is part of Part IV of the Constitution.

Critical for UPSC to classify norms as Directive Principles versus enforceable rights; mastering which social and governance directives appear in Part IV helps answer comparative questions on justiciability and constitutional objectives.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 9: Directive Principles of State Policy > Liberal-Intellectual Principles > p. 110
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 10: The Constitution of India — An Introduction > LET'S REMEMBER > p. 220
🔗 Anchor: "Which part or article of the Constitution of India contains the provision on "Se..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Public services in the Constitution (Part XIV, Arts. 308–314)
💡 The insight

Articles 308–314 in Part XIV deal with all-India, central and state public services, which is the institutional context for the separation provision's focus on 'public services'.

Important for administrative law and governance mains/MCQ items: understanding where service provisions sit in the Constitution aids answers on recruitment, conditions, tribunals and the administrative judiciary relationship.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 74: Public Services > CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS > p. 548
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 30: THE SERVICES AND PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS > CHAP. 3D] THE SERVICES AND PUBIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 439 > p. 439
🔗 Anchor: "Which part or article of the Constitution of India contains the provision on "Se..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Article 51A (Part IV‑A): Fundamental Duties
💡 The insight

Article 51A in Part IV‑A is the constitutional location that lists fundamental duties including preserving the composite culture.

High‑yield for UPSC: identifying exact Articles and Parts is frequently tested. Mastery connects to topics on constitutional structure, duties vs rights, and framing answers about citizen responsibilities.

📚 Reading List :
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 161
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > mi l Fundamental Duties > p. 31
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 162
🔗 Anchor: "Which part or article of the Constitution of India contains the duty "to value a..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Amendment history: 42nd and 86th Amendments
💡 The insight

The Fundamental Duties were inserted by the 42nd Amendment and later expanded by the 86th, shaping the Article that contains the cultural‑preservation duty.

Important for questions on constitutional evolution and amendment impact; links to the historical context of emergency era reforms and subsequent updates, enabling answers on why provisions were added and how they evolved.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > mi l Fundamental Duties > p. 31
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 161
🔗 Anchor: "Which part or article of the Constitution of India contains the duty "to value a..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Interpretation issues around 'composite culture'
💡 The insight

The phrase 'composite culture' in Article 51A has been highlighted as open to interpretation and linked to common heritage concepts.

Useful for essay and mains answers on cultural policy, judicial interpretation, and constitutional values; helps craft balanced discussion on preservation vs pluralism and legal interpretation.

📚 Reading List :
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 162
🔗 Anchor: "Which part or article of the Constitution of India contains the duty "to value a..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Article 24 — Prohibition of child employment under 14
💡 The insight

Article 24 specifically prohibits employing children below the age of fourteen in factories, mines and other hazardous work.

High-yield constitutional fact: knowing the exact Article helps answer direct prelim and mains questions on fundamental rights and child protection. It links to questions on enforceability, judicial interpretation, and related social legislation.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 8: Fundamental Rights > Fli Prohibition of Employment of Children in Factories, etc. > p. 93
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > INTRODUCTION TO THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA > p. 138
  • Democratic Politics-I. Political Science-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS > Right against E against E against Exploitation > p. 83
🔗 Anchor: "Which part or article of the Constitution of India contains the provision "prohi..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The 'Hidden Directives' outside Part IV. UPSC will likely ask next: Which of these are Directives? (1) Art 335 (Claims of SC/ST to services), (2) Art 350A (Instruction in mother tongue), (3) Art 351 (Development of Hindi). These act like DPSPs but are located in Parts XVI and XVII.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Use 'Linguistic DNA' profiling.
1. 'Prohibition' implies a hard legal bar = Fundamental Right (Pair III).
2. 'Valuing/Cherishing' implies a personal moral effort = Fundamental Duty (Pair II).
3. 'Separation in public services' implies an administrative structural goal = DPSP (Pair I).
If the tone matches the category, the pair is likely correct.

🔗 Mains Connection

Link Article 50 (Separation of Judiciary) to GS-2 'Separation of Powers' and the NJAC Judgment (4th Judges Case). Link Article 24 to GS-2 Social Justice (Child Labour Amendment Act, 2016) and International Relations (ILO Conventions 138 and 182 which India ratified).

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

CDS-II · 2022 · Q22 Relevance score: 1.85

Consider the following pairs of Schedule and Content of the Constitution of India: 1. First Schedule I. Forms of Oaths or Affirmations 2. Third Schedule II. Allocation of seats in the Council of States 3. Fifth Schedule III. Provision's related to the administration of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes 4. Ninth Schedule IV. Provision's related to the administration of tribal areas in certain States How many of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

IAS · 2010 · Q3 Relevance score: -0.14

With reference to the Constitution of India, consider the following: 1. Fundamental Rights 2. Fundamental Duties 3. Directive Principles of State Policy Which of the above provisions of the Constitution of India is/are fulfilled by the National Social Assistance Programme launched by the Government of India ?

IAS · 2017 · Q17 Relevance score: -0.58

Consider the following statements : With reference to the Constitution of India, the Directive Principles of State Policy constitute limitations upon 1. legislative function. 2. executive function. Which of the above statements is/are correct ?