GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) uses a system of ground stations to provide necessary augmentation. Which of the following statements is/are correct in respect of GAGAN? I. It is designed to provide additional accuracy and integrity. II. It will allow more uniform and high quality air traffic management. III. It will provide benefits only in aviation but not in other modes of transportation. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Explicitly defines GAGAN as a satellite-based augmentation system (GPS-aided GEO augmented navigation) and identifies it as a joint ISRO–AAI project.

A student can combine this with the basic fact that SBAS systems improve GPS positioning and timing to infer possible effects on navigation accuracy used by air traffic management.

Lists 'satellite-aided navigation' (which includes GAGAN) as a key focus area of India's space programme, linking GAGAN to national navigation capabilities.

One could extend this by noting that national investment in satellite navigation implies operational deployment that could be used by air traffic services to standardise procedures.

Describes the Airport Authority of India (AAI) as the body responsible for providing airport facilities and air traffic services.

Since GAGAN is a joint ISRO–AAI project (snippet 1), a student can reasonably infer AAI would integrate GAGAN outputs into ATC operations to affect service quality and uniformity.

States that the AAI is responsible for providing 'safe, efficient air traffic and aeronautical communication services' in Indian airspace.

Combining this with the role of augmentation systems suggests that improved positioning/timing could contribute to the 'efficient' aspect of ATC across regions.

Notes GPS has become a handy tool to find exact locations and that technology/GIS have enhanced analytical capacity.

A student could extend this general rule (better positional tech enables better spatial management) to hypothesize that an augmentation like GAGAN would support more consistent, higher-quality ATC by improving location accuracy.

Defines GAGAN as a 'satellite-based augmentation system' (GPS-aided GEO augmented navigation) and notes it is a joint project with the Airports Authority of India — which indicates an aviation design/partnership focus.

A student could infer GAGAN was developed with aviation requirements in mind and then check whether SBAS systems can also serve other transport modes by comparing technical specs or use-cases.

States passenger buses and taxis are mandated to carry GPS devices for real-time tracking and safety, showing non-aviation modes already rely on satellite positioning technology.

One could compare the capabilities required for road-GPS applications (tracking, panic buttons) with GAGAN's augmentation features to judge possible applicability to road transport.

Calls for 'Integration of the Transport System' and adoption of 'New Technology' for transport, indicating policy emphasis on cross-modal use of technologies.

A student might use this to reason that technologies developed for one mode (aviation) are candidates for broader integration across modes, and then survey technical/regulatory barriers.

Lists the principal modes of world transportation (land, water, air), reminding that multiple modes exist which could potentially leverage positioning/augmentation services.

Using this, a student can map which positioning accuracy/availability requirements differ by mode and assess whether a system like GAGAN could meet them.

Describes expansion of airports under UDAN and references air transport features, reinforcing that aviation is a principal and active beneficiary of navigation improvements.

A student could infer aviation-driven investments (like airport expansion) create demand for systems like GAGAN, then investigate if that demand also drives extensions to other modes.