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Q33 (IAS/2026) Environment & Ecology › Ecology & Ecosystem Basics Official Key

Which of the following best explain(s) the rationale for protecting mangrove ecosystems in the context of climate resilience?
1. Mangroves reduce tidal energy and store freshwater, making them ideal sites for paddy cultivation in saline estuarine belts.
2. Their salt-sensitive roots filter seawater, making mangroves key to converting coastal land into freshwater aquaculture zones.
3. By withstanding tidal surges and offering biomass resources, mangroves function both as natural bio-shields and livelihood bases for rural communities.
Select the answer using the code given below:

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: D

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. Mangroves thrive in saline and brackish water environments. They do not store freshwater to facilitate paddy cultivation. In fact, clearing mangroves for agriculture is a major driver of their degradation, not a rationale for their protection.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Mangrove roots are salt-tolerant (halophytic), not salt-sensitive. While they possess specialized mechanisms to exclude or excrete salt, they do not convert coastal lands into freshwater zones for aquaculture. Converting mangroves into aquaculture ponds is a leading cause of their destruction.

Statement 3 is correct. Mangroves act as natural bio-shields by dissipating tidal energy and reducing the impact of storm surges, cyclones, and tsunamis. Additionally, they provide essential ecosystem services, including breeding grounds for fisheries and biomass resources, which support the livelihoods of coastal communities. Thus, their protection is vital for climate resilience.

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