GS1 2015 Q20 12 marks 200 words Arctic Oil Discovery

UPSC Mains 2015 GS1 Q20 — Arctic Oil Discovery

What are the economic significances of discovery of oil in Arctic Sea and its possible environmental consequences ? (Answer in not more than 200 words)

Question Decoded — examiner's intent

Directive verbs
What are
Scope keywords
economic significancesdiscovery of oilArctic Seaenvironmental consequences
Implicit sub-parts
  • The geopolitical impact of energy security and shifts in global trade routes (e.g., Northern Sea Route).
  • The specific vulnerability of the Arctic ecosystem compared to tropical or temperate regions.
  • The 'feedback loop' mechanism where oil extraction accelerates permafrost thawing and climate change.
Common pitfalls
  • Spending too much time on general Arctic melting without linking it specifically to the oil discovery and extraction process.
  • Failing to mention the high cost of extraction and 'stranded assets' risk in a transitioning green economy.
  • Ignoring the territorial disputes (UNCLOS) and the 'Arctic Race' between Russia, USA, and Nordic countries.
  • Omitting the impact on indigenous Arctic communities and local biodiversity (e.g., polar bears, migratory birds).
Dimensions required
Economic/FiscalGeopoliticalEcological/ClimatologicalTechnological/Operational challenges
Marks allocation hint

Spend approximately 80-90 words on the economic side, covering energy security and trade. Devote another 80-90 words to environmental consequences, focusing on oil spills and methane release. Use the remaining 20-30 words for a balanced conclusion on sustainable development or the transition to renewables.

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