Mount Ibu, which recently erupted in Indonesia, is a

Mount Ibu, located on the northwest coast of Halmahera Island in Indonesia, is classified as a stratovolcano, which is also commonly referred to as a composite volcano. These volcanoes are characterized by their steep, conical profile and are built from alternating layers (strata) of hardened lava, volcanic ash, and other eruptive products.

• Composite Volcanoes: They typically form at convergent plate boundaries (subduction zones) and are known for explosive eruptions due to the high viscosity of their magma, which prevents gas from escaping easily.
• Recent Activity: Mount Ibu has been highly active in 2024 and early 2025, frequently spewing ash plumes several kilometers into the atmosphere and prompting the Indonesian Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation Center (PVMBG) to raise alert levels to the highest status (Level IV).
• Other Types: Shield volcanoes have gentle slopes formed by fluid basaltic lava, while cinder cones are smaller structures built from ejected volcanic fragments.