The two important features of sexual reproduction in higher organisms that create genetic diversity in offspring are

Sexual reproduction in higher organisms relies on two fundamental processes to ensure genetic diversity: meiosis and fertilization.

• Meiosis: This specialized cell division reduces the chromosome number by half to produce haploid gametes. Genetic variation is introduced during meiosis through crossing over (the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes) and independent assortment of chromosomes.
• Fertilization: This is the fusion of two genetically distinct haploid gametes (sperm and egg) from different parents. This process combines two unique sets of DNA to form a diploid zygote, resulting in a unique genetic combination in the offspring.

In contrast, mitosis produces genetically identical cells for growth and repair, and binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction. Therefore, meiosis and fertilization are the primary drivers of evolution and diversity in complex organisms.