To whom does the credit goes for the development of coconut and sugarcane agriculture in Philippines?

The development of commercial agriculture in the Philippines is primarily attributed to its colonial history under Spain and the United States. During the Spanish colonial period, the hacienda system was established, which introduced large-scale farming of crops like sugarcane. Following the Spanish-American War in 1898, the United States further commercialized the agricultural sector to meet its domestic demand. The U.S. implemented trade policies, such as the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909, which granted duty-free access to Philippine exports. This led to a significant expansion in the production of sugar and coconut (copra), making them central to the Philippine economy. Other colonial powers mentioned, such as the Hollanders (Dutch), British, and French, focused their agricultural developments in Indonesia, Malaya, and Indochina respectively.