The correct answer is option 1, Gupta. The Ajanta Caves, located in present-day Maharashtra, India, were built during the period of the Gupta Empire. The Gupta Empire was a flourishing period of ancient Indian history, known for its advancements in art, literature, and architecture. The caves were carved into the rocky cliffs and served as Buddhist monastic complexes. They are famous for their exquisite rock-cut sculptures, frescoes, and architectural features. The caves were created over a span of several centuries, starting from the 2nd century BCE and continuing until the 7th century CE. The Gupta Empire, which existed from the 4th to 6th centuries CE, was a significant patron of the arts, and the Ajanta Caves are a testament to their cultural achievements.