Option 1: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:

Both the assertion (A) and the reason (R) are true, and R provides a correct explanation for A.

Let`s break down the statements and examine the reasons:

Assertion (A): Areas near the equator receive rainfall throughout the year.

This statement is true. Areas near the equator, such as the tropical rainforests, experience high levels of precipitation consistently throughout the year. This phenomenon is due to the unique climate patterns near the equator.

Reason (R): High temperatures and high humidity cause convectional rain in most afternoons near the equator.

This statement is also true. The equatorial regions typically have high temperatures and high humidity levels. These conditions lead to the formation of convectional rain. As the sun heats the surface of the Earth near the equator, the warm air rises rapidly, creating updrafts. As the air rises, it cools and condenses, forming clouds. Eventually, the condensed water droplets fall as rain.

The reason (R) explains why areas near the equator receive rainfall throughout the year. The combination of high temperatures and high humidity near the equator creates the ideal conditions for convectional rainfall to occur, often during the afternoon when temperatures peak. This process repeats throughout the year, leading to a consistent pattern of rainfall.

In conclusion, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) provides a correct explanation for Assertion (A). Therefore, Option 1 is the correct answer.