The correct answer is option 2, Satavahanas. Carving in the famous Ajanta caves began during the reign of the Satavahanas. The Satavahanas were a dynasty that ruled in the Deccan region of India from the 1st century BCE to the 3rd century CE. They were known for their patronage of art and architecture, and the Ajanta caves are a prime example of their contributions in this field. These caves were carved out of solid rock and are renowned for their magnificent Buddhist murals and sculptures. The caves were used as prayer halls, monasteries, and residential spaces for Buddhist monks. The exquisite artistry and architectural features of the Ajanta caves make them an important historical and cultural site in India.