Half of the villagers of a certain village have their own houses. One-fifth of the villagers cultivate paddy. One-third of the villagers are literate. Four-fifth of the villagers are below twenty five. Then, which one of the following is certainly true?

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Q: 110 (IAS/2010)
Half of the villagers of a certain village have their own houses. One-fifth of the villagers cultivate paddy. One-third of the villagers are literate. Four-fifth of the villagers are below twenty five. Then, which one of the following is certainly true?

question_subject: 

Logic/Reasoning

question_exam: 

IAS

stats: 

0,11,7,3,11,2,2

keywords: 

{'villagers': [0, 0, 1, 1], 'certain village': [0, 0, 1, 0], 'own houses': [0, 0, 1, 0], 'paddy': [3, 1, 1, 2], 'fifth': [2, 1, 5, 2], 'half': [5, 2, 5, 2], 'quarter': [0, 0, 1, 0]}

We can start by representing the information given in the problem in a table:

Number of villagers Proportion of villagers

Own houses ? 1/2

Cultivate paddy ? 1/5

Literate ? 1/3

Below 25 years old ? 4/5

Let`s use x to represent the total number of villagers in the village. Then we can fill in the table as follows:

Number of villagers Proportion of villagers

Own houses x/2 1/2

Cultivate paddy x/5 1/5

Literate x/3 1/3

Below 25 years old 4x/5 4/5

Now let`s look at the options:

a) All the villagers who have their own houses are literate: This cannot be true, because we know that only 1/3 of the villagers are literate, and more than half of the villagers have their own houses.

b) Some villagers under twenty five are literate: This must be true, since 1/3 of the villagers are literate, and 4/5 of the villagers are below 25 years old.

c) A quarter of the villagers who have their own houses cultivate paddy: This cannot be determined with the given information. We don`t know anything about the proportion of villagers who cultivate paddy among those who own houses.

d) Half of the villagers who cultivate paddy are literate: This cannot be determined with the given information. We don`t know anything about the literacy rate among those who cultivate paddy.

Therefore, the correct answer is (b) Some villagers under twenty five are literate.

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