The correct answer is option 3, the salt monopoly exercised by the British Government. The Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930 was launched by Mahatma Gandhi as a protest against the British salt monopoly. Under this monopoly, the British government had a complete control over the production, distribution, and sale of salt, which was an essential commodity used by all Indians. Gandhi`s aim was to challenge this unfair practice by encouraging Indians to make their own salt through acts of civil disobedience, such as illegal salt production and the famous Dandi March. This movement played a crucial role in mobilizing Indians and raising awareness about the oppressive British rule. It represented the larger demand for complete freedom from British colonial rule in India.