Option 1: The absence of privileges refers to a situation where individuals do not have special advantages or rights that others do not possess. While this can contribute to political equality, it alone does not guarantee it as certain individuals or groups may still have political power and influence.

Option 2: Universal adult suffrage means that all adults, regardless of their social or economic status, have the right to vote in elections. This is a crucial aspect of political equality, as it ensures that every individual has an equal say in determining the policies and leaders of a country.

Option 3: Equal distribution of wealth pertains to the fair allocation of resources and economic opportunities. Although important for achieving social justice, it is not directly related to political equality.

Option 4: The rationality of the individual refers to the ability of individuals to think and make decisions logically and efficiently. While individual rationality is important for an effective and informed democracy, it does not guarantee political equality.

In summary, out of the given options, universal adult suffrage (option 2) is the most accurate representation of political equality.