The correct answer is option 1, Portuguese. The term `Caste` was derived from the Portuguese language. Caste refers to the social divisions or hierarchies prevalent in certain societies, especially in India. The Portuguese were one of the European colonial powers that had a significant influence in India. During their presence in India, they encountered the complex social structure of the Indian society, which included the system of castes. It is believed that the Portuguese coined the term `caste` to describe this system. It is important to note that while the Portuguese may have introduced the term, the system of castes already existed in India before their arrival.