The correct chemical name for baking soda is sodium bicarbonate. Let`s take a look at the other options to understand why they are not the correct answer.

Option 1: Calcium carbonate is a different chemical compound commonly found in limestone and marble. It is often used as a dietary supplement and as an antacid for digestive issues.

Option 3: Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizing agent often used as a disinfectant and in water treatment. It has a distinct purple color.

Option 4: Sodium chloride is the chemical name for common table salt. It is made up of sodium and chlorine ions and is used to add flavor to food.

Therefore, among the given options, only option 2, sodium bicarbonate, is the correct chemical name for baking soda. Baking soda is a versatile compound used in cooking, cleaning, and as a household remedy for various purposes. It reacts with acids and releases carbon dioxide, causing baked goods to rise.