The correct answer to the question is option-1, Infiltration. Infiltration refers to the process of water seeping into the ground or soil. It occurs when water from precipitation, such as rain or snow, enters the soil and moves downward through cracks, pores, and spaces between soil particles. Infiltration is influenced by various factors, including soil type, slope gradient, vegetation cover, and the intensity of the precipitation. It is an essential process for replenishing groundwater, as well as for providing moisture to plants and sustaining ecosystems. On the other hand, filtration is the process of removing impurities from a liquid or gas by passing it through a filter medium. Percolation refers to the movement of water within the soil or porous rocks, while sedimentation is the settling of solid particles suspended in a liquid.