The most immediate factor for the spread of Swadeshi and boycott of foreign goods during the first decade of the last century was Curzon`s partition of Bengal. This decision, taken by Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India, in 1905, aimed to divide the province of Bengal into two separate entities - Bengal and East Bengal. This partition was met with widespread opposition and agitation by the Indian population, particularly the Bengalis.

The partition was seen as a deliberate attempt by the British government to weaken the nationalist movement in Bengal, which was considered a hotbed of political activism. The division of Bengal was not only seen as a threat to the political unity of the region, but also had significant economic implications. The Bengalis relied heavily on the jute industry, and the partition would have disrupted their economic and social fabric.

In response to the partition, Indian nationalists launched the Swadeshi movement, which advocated for the use of Indian-made products and the boycott of British goods. This movement rapidly gained momentum across India and became a powerful tool for expressing opposition to British rule. So, while Curzon`s other measures may have also contributed to the nationalist sentiment, it was the partition of Bengal that proved to be the most immediate and direct cause for the spread of