The correct answer is option 1, the 42nd Amendment. The Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Rights are both important provisions in the Indian Constitution. The Directive Principles provide guidelines for the government to ensure social and economic justice, whereas Fundamental Rights guarantee individual rights and freedoms. Before the 42nd Amendment, Fundamental Rights were considered superior to Directive Principles. However, the 42nd Amendment in 1976 gave precedence to the Directive Principles over Fundamental Rights. This means that in case of any conflict between the two, the Directive Principles would have greater importance. The 42nd Amendment was a controversial amendment that was aimed at strengthening the power of the government during the emergency period. It made significant changes to various aspects of the Constitution.