The correct answer is option 1, the Rowlatt Act of 1919. This Act authorized the British Government to imprison any person without trial and conviction in a court of law. The Rowlatt Act was passed by the British Government in response to the unrest and protests against British colonial rule in India. It gave the colonial authorities the power to detain individuals without trial for an extended period of time. This act was highly controversial and led to widespread protests and acts of civil disobedience in India, including the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919. It is important to note that the other options listed are not relevant to the question. The Government of India Act of 1935, the Indian Councils Act of 1909, and the Government of India Act of 1919 did not directly authorize the British Government to imprison individuals without trial.