The correct answer is option 2: Malaria. Malaria is caused by the female Anopheles mosquito when it transmits the Plasmodium parasite. This disease is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where the mosquito thrives. When an infected mosquito bites a person, it injects the parasite into their bloodstream. The parasite then travels to the liver and matures before infecting the red blood cells. This can result in symptoms such as fever, chills, headaches, and fatigue. If left untreated, malaria can become life-threatening, particularly in young children and pregnant women. While options 1, 3, and 4 are caused by different agents such as viruses and bacteria, they are not transmitted by mosquitoes and therefore not caused by female Anopheles mosquitoes.