Surendranath Banerjee, the correct answer, was part of the Indian Civil Service (ICS). However, he was discharged due to a procedural error he committed. The British administration found him guilty of the error and dismissed him from the service.

Satyendranath Tagore, the first Indian to succeed in the Indian Civil Service, was not dismissed. He had a significant career as an administrator.

R.C. Dutt also did not face dismissal as he retired as an administrator, and later became a prominent economist and historian.

Subhash Chandra Bose was not dismissed from the ICS; instead, he resigned from the position. He was disenchanted with the British ruling policies and decided to embark on a revolutionary path for India`s independence.

Hence, only Surendranath Banerji was dismissed by the British from the Indian Civil Service from the given options.