The correct answer is option 2: Scattering. Scattering is not a part of long-wave radiation.

Long-wave radiation, also known as terrestrial or infrared radiation, is a form of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Earth`s surface and atmosphere. It plays a crucial role in the Earth`s energy budget and climate system.

Option 1: Conduction is the transfer of heat energy through direct contact between objects or substances. It is not a part of long-wave radiation because it requires physical contact.

Option 3: Convection is the transfer of heat energy through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases). While convection is not directly linked to long-wave radiation, it can influence the transport of heat in the atmosphere, which in turn affects long-wave radiation.

Option 4: Radiation is the primary process involved in long-wave radiation. It is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, without the need for a medium or direct contact. In the context of long-wave radiation, the Earth`s surface and atmosphere emit and absorb infrared radiation, which drives the greenhouse effect and the overall energy balance of the planet.

In summary, scattering (option 2) is not a part of long-wave radiation, while conduction, convection, and radiation are all processes that can be