The high heat of vaporization of water is the amount of heat energy required to convert a given amount of liquid water into water vapor at a constant temperature and pressure.

Option 1: Van der Waals forces are weak intermolecular forces that exist between all molecules, but they are not responsible for the high heat of vaporization of water.

Option 2: Covalent bonds are strong chemical bonds that hold atoms together within a molecule, but they are not responsible for the high heat of vaporization of water.

Option 3: Interionic attraction refers to the electrostatic forces between ions in an ionic compound, but it is not responsible for the high heat of vaporization of water.

Option 4: Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative atom (such as oxygen) and is attracted to another electronegative atom nearby. Water molecules form hydrogen bonds due to the polarity of the water molecule and the ability of hydrogen atoms to bond with highly electronegative atoms. These hydrogen bonds are responsible for the high heat of vaporization of water. When water molecules evaporate, the hydrogen bonds between them must be broken, requiring a large amount of energy.