With reference to the Industrial Revolution, consider the following statements : 1. The Industrial Revolution saw the replacement of handicrafts by power-driven machinery. 2. The industrialised countries became dependent upon other countries for the supply of raw materials necessary for their industries. 3. Large-scale production started with the help of machinery in factories. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the mid-18th century, fundamentally transformed global socio-economic structures. All three statements provided are correct:

• Statement 1 is correct: It marked a transition from manual labor and traditional handicrafts to power-driven machinery (e.g., the steam engine and power loom), which significantly increased productivity.
• Statement 2 is correct: Industrialization created a massive demand for raw materials (like cotton, iron ore, and rubber) that domestic supplies often could not meet. This led industrialized nations to depend on other countries and colonies for resources and as markets for finished products.
• Statement 3 is correct: The domestic system was replaced by the factory system. Large-scale production became possible through the centralization of labor and machinery, enabling mass manufacturing at a much lower cost than manual methods.