Arabica, Robusta and Liberica are varieties of

Arabica, Robusta, and Liberica are the three primary varieties of coffee grown globally [3]. Coffee is a tropical plantation crop whose seeds are roasted and ground to prepare a beverage [1]. Arabica, originally from Yemen, is considered a superior quality variety and is in high demand internationally [2]. Robusta is a hardier variety native to West Africa that can survive arid conditions and is more disease-resistant [3]. Liberica is a rarer species indigenous to Liberia, characterized by its large tree size and distinct smoky or floral flavor profile [3]. In India, coffee cultivation is primarily concentrated in the highlands of the Western Ghats, specifically in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, with Arabica being the predominant high-quality variety produced for the global market [2].

Sources

1. [1] INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Land Resources and Agriculture > Coffee > p. 34
2. [3] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 12: Major Crops and Cropping Patterns in India > Cofee (Cofea) > p. 46
3. [2] NCERT. (2022). Contemporary India II: Textbook in Geography for Class X (Revised ed.). NCERT. > Chapter 4: The Age of Industrialisation > Food Crops other than Grains > p. 86