The correct chronological order of the events is (C), (B), (A), (D).

Option 1: (C), (B), (A), (D): This order is correct. The completion of the Roman Colosseum is known to have occurred in 80 AD, preceding the rise of the Gupta dynasty in India which happened between 240 and 550 AD. The birth of Prophet Mohammed took place in 570 AD, and Peter the Great becoming the Czar of Russia happened much later in 1682.

Option 2: (A), (C), (D), (B): This order is incorrect as it places the birth of Prophet Mohammed before the completion of the Roman Colosseum, which is historically inaccurate.

Option 3: (B), (D), (C), (A): This order is incorrect as it places the rise of the Gupta dynasty before the completion of the Roman Colosseum, which is historically inaccurate.

Option 4: (D), (A), (C), (B): This order is incorrect as it places Peter the Great becoming the Czar of Russia before the birth of Prophet Mohammed, which is historically inaccurate.

Overall, option 1 is the correct answer.