The correct answer to the question is option 2: Mughal. Aurangzeb was the ruler of the Mughal dynasty from 1658 to 1707 AD. The Mughal Empire was one of the most powerful and longest-lasting dynasties in Indian history. It was founded by Babur in 1526 and reached its peak under the rule of Aurangzeb`s grandfather, Emperor Akbar. Aurangzeb was known for his strict and orthodox interpretation of Islam, and his reign marked a significant shift towards religious conservatism. He imposed religious taxes on non-Muslims, destroyed Hindu temples, and implemented strict Islamic laws. Despite his long reign, Aurangzeb`s policies created political instability and weakened the empire. The decline of the Mughal Empire began after his death.