A bce-sting leaves an acid which causes pain and irritation. The injected acid is :

A bee sting injects an acidic liquid into the skin, which causes immediate pain, irritation, and burning sensations [1][t4]. This acidic component is identified as methanoic acid, also commonly known as formic acid [c3][t3]. Formic acid (HCOOH) is a simple carboxylic acid naturally found in the venom of bees and certain ants, serving as a defense mechanism [t3][t5]. While bee venom is a complex mixture containing proteins, histamine, and other acids like hydrochloric and orthophosphoric acid, methanoic acid is the primary organic acid associated with the characteristic sting irritation [t3][t9]. Because the sting is acidic, applying a mild base such as baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) can help neutralize the acid and provide relief from the pain [c1][c2]. Other options like acetic acid (found in vinegar), citric acid (found in citrus fruits), and sulphuric acid (a strong mineral acid) are not the primary irritants in bee venom [c3][t2].

Sources

1. [1] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts > Self defence by animals and plants through chemical warfare > p. 27