The blood vessel supplying blood to the kidney is the renal artery (option 1). The renal artery branches directly from the abdominal aorta and is responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the kidneys. It enters the kidneys at the hilum, along with the renal vein, renal pelvis, and renal nerves. The renal artery then branches further into smaller arteries, which supply blood to the different parts of the kidney, including the renal cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis.

Alert - correct answer should be the renal artery (option 1). The hepatic artery (option 2) supplies blood to the liver, the pulmonary artery (option 3) carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, and the carotid artery (option 4) supplies blood to the neck and head region.