The Carolus Linnaeus system of classification, also known as Linnaean taxonomy, is based on the concept of binomial nomenclature. This means that organisms are given a two-part Latin name, consisting of a genus and a species name. Linnaeus introduced this system to provide a standardized and hierarchical way of classifying organisms. Each organism is placed in a specific genus, which is a group of closely related species, and then further classified into higher taxonomic levels such as family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom. This system of classification is considered artificial because it is based on specific characteristics chosen by Linnaeus, rather than reflecting the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The option 4, phylogenetic, is not correct, as the Linnaean taxonomy is not based on phylogenetic relationships.