The correct answer is option 1: Tamil Nadu. The Chola dynasty was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of southern India, with their reign spanning from the 9th to the 13th centuries. They established their capital in the region now known as Tamil Nadu and exerted their authority over a significant part of the region. The Chola kings were known for their administrative skills, military prowess, and cultural achievements. They not only ruled over Tamil Nadu but also expanded their territories to include parts of present-day Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. While the Cholas had interactions and trade relations with other regions like Kerala and Bengal, these regions were not under their direct rule.