The correct answer is option 1, Pigeon. Columba livia is the scientific name for a pigeon. Scientific names use Latin or Greek words to accurately identify and classify living organisms. In this case, "Columba" refers to the genus of birds that includes pigeons and doves, while "livia" is the specific epithet that distinguishes this particular species. It is important to note that scientific names are standardized and used internationally, allowing scientists from different regions to refer to the same species without confusion. While options 2, 3, and 4 (Snake, Rabbit, and Shark) are incorrect, it is crucial to consider the context and characteristics of an organism before associating it with a scientific name.