Public Interest Litigation (PIL) originated in the United States (option 2). PIL is a legal action undertaken by individuals or organizations on behalf of the public interest, seeking justice for a larger section of society rather than just the litigant. It plays a vital role in improving access to justice and addressing issues that affect the general public.
Option 1, England, is incorrect. While England does have a similar concept called "public law litigation," PIL specifically originated in the United States.
Options 3 and 4, Russia and China, are also incorrect. These countries have their own legal systems, but PIL as a concept did not originate there.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 2, the United States.