Consider the following statements: In India 1. The duration of the monsoon rainy season goes on decreasing from south to north, and from east to west. 2. The distribution of rainfall received from south-west monsoons is very greatly governed by the relief or orography. 3. Bulk of the rainfall of the Coromandel Coast is derived from depressions and cyclones. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

Statement 1 is correct as the monsoon arrives first in the south (early June) and east, and retreats last from these regions, meaning the duration decreases toward the north and west [1]. Statement 2 is correct because the distribution of rainfall is heavily governed by orography; for instance, the Western Ghats act as a barrier, causing heavy rain on the windward side while the Deccan plateau remains in a rain-shadow [2]. Statement 3 is correct because the Coromandel Coast receives the bulk of its rainfall during the retreating (northeast) monsoon season (October-December). This rainfall is primarily associated with depressions and cyclonic storms originating in the Bay of Bengal, which move toward the coast. While the southwest monsoon is the primary source for most of India, the Coromandel Coast's unique geography makes it dependent on these post-monsoon cyclonic systems.

Sources

1. [1] Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Climates of India > The Monsoons > p. 55
2. [2] INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Climate > Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) > p. 30