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Q99 (IAS/2011) History & Culture › Culture, Literature, Religion & Philosophy › Vedic and Hindu religious traditions Answer Verified

The “dharma” and “rita” depict a central idea of ancient Vedic civilization of India. In the Context, consider the following statements : 1. Dharma was a conception of obligations and of the discharge of one’s duties to oneself and to others 2. Rita was the fundamental moral law governing the functioning of the universe and all it contained. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: C
Explanation

In ancient Vedic civilization, 'Dharma' and 'Rita' (Ṛta) were foundational concepts representing moral and cosmic order. Dharma refers to the ethical and religious duties, obligations, and righteous conduct an individual must discharge toward themselves, their family, and society [1]. It is a conception of responsibilities that ensures social and personal harmony. Rita, primarily emphasized in the early Vedic period (Rig Veda), represents the fundamental moral and physical law that governs the functioning of the entire universe. It is the 'cosmic rhythm' or divine order that regulates natural phenomena, such as the movement of celestial bodies and the succession of seasons. While Rita is the overarching cosmic blueprint, Dharma is the manifestation of this order through human action and duty. Thus, both statements accurately describe these central Vedic ideas.

Sources

  1. [1] Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: The Rise of Empires > DON'T MISS OUT > p. 107
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