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'Diarchy' was first introduced in India under
Explanation
Diarchy, or dual government, was first introduced in British India through the Government of India Act of 1919, which was based on the Montagu-Chelmsford (Montford) Reforms [c2][c4]. This system divided provincial subjects into two categories: 'reserved' and 'transferred' [c5]. Transferred subjects, such as education and local self-government, were administered by Indian ministers responsible to the provincial legislative councils [c4][c5]. Reserved subjects, including law and order, remained under the control of the Governor and his executive council, who were not responsible to the legislature [c4]. While the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 increased council powers, they did not introduce diarchy [c2][t5]. The Simon Commission later recommended the abolition of diarchy in 1930 [c1], and the Government of India Act of 1935 eventually replaced it with provincial autonomy while attempting to introduce diarchy at the federal level [c1][t4].
Sources
- [1] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Indian Federalism > p. 4
- [2] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Advent of Gandhi and Mass Mobilisation > 4.2 Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms > p. 44
- [3] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 1: THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND > Utility of a Historical Retrospect. > p. 5
- [4] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 26: Constitutional, Administrative and Judicial Developments > Simon Commission > p. 511