The Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical path and the Sun is located at one focus of the ellipse. Imagine a situation in which the Earth goes around the Sun on a circular path. Which one among the following would result in under that situation?

The Earth's seasons are primarily caused by its axial tilt (obliquity) of approximately 23.5 degrees [2]. However, the Earth's current elliptical orbit also influences seasonal intensity and duration [3]. In an elliptical orbit, the Earth-Sun distance varies, causing a ~7% difference in solar irradiance between perihelion and aphelion. This 'distance effect' currently modulates the intensity of seasons; for instance, the Northern Hemisphere's winter occurs near perihelion, making it slightly milder than it would be otherwise [4]. If the orbit were perfectly circular, the Earth-Sun distance would remain constant throughout the year, eliminating the distance-based variation in solar flux. Consequently, the additional warming or cooling provided by orbital eccentricity would vanish, leading to a reduction in the overall difference between seasons. The axial tilt would still produce seasons, but their relative intensity would be more uniform.

Sources

1. [1] Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 12: Earth, Moon, and the Sun > 12.2.2 Seasons on the Earth > p. 177
2. [2] https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/5220594.pdf
3. [3] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 19: The Motions of The Earth and Their Effects > Duration of Seasons > p. 256
4. [4] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 19: The Motions of The Earth and Their Effects > Perihelion and Aphelion > p. 255