The correct answer is option 4, adult franchise. Elections to the House of the People (Lok Sabha) and the Legislative Assemblies of States in India are conducted based on adult franchise. Adult franchise means that every citizen above the age of 18 has the right to vote in elections. This principle ensures that every individual, regardless of their gender, religion, caste, or socioeconomic status, has an equal opportunity to participate in the democratic process.
Options 1, 2, and 3 are incorrect. Option 1, single transferable vote, is not the basis for elections in India. Option 2, limited suffrage, is also incorrect as it refers to a system where only a specific group of people have the right to vote. Option 3, proportional representation, is not the basis for elections in India either.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 4, adult franchise.