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We can start by representing the information given in the problem in a table:
Number of villagers Proportion of villagers
Own houses ? 1/2
Cultivate paddy ? 1/5
Literate ? 1/3
Below 25 years old ? 4/5
Let`s use x to represent the total number of villagers in the village. Then we can fill in the table as follows:
Number of villagers Proportion of villagers
Own houses x/2 1/2
Cultivate paddy x/5 1/5
Literate x/3 1/3
Below 25 years old 4x/5 4/5
Now let`s look at the options:
a) All the villagers who have their own houses are literate: This cannot be true, because we know that only 1/3 of the villagers are literate, and more than half of the villagers have their own houses.
b) Some villagers under twenty five are literate: This must be true, since 1/3 of the villagers are literate, and 4/5 of the villagers are below 25 years old.
c) A quarter of the villagers who have their own houses cultivate paddy: This cannot be determined with the given information. We don`t know anything about the proportion of villagers who cultivate paddy among those who own houses.
d) Half of the villagers who cultivate paddy are literate: This cannot be determined with the given information. We don`t know anything about the literacy rate among those who cultivate paddy.
Therefore, the correct answer is (b) Some villagers under twenty five are literate.