The correct answer is option 1, Muhammad Iqbal. He is widely regarded as the visionary behind the idea of Pakistan. As a poet, philosopher, and politician, Iqbal played a crucial role in advocating for a separate homeland for Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. In his 1930 presidential address to the All India Muslim League, Iqbal proposed the establishment of a separate Muslim state. This idea eventually took shape and led to the creation of Pakistan in 1947. Iqbal`s vision of Islam as a unifying force for Muslims in South Asia resonated with many, including M. A. Jinnah, who became the leader of the Pakistan movement. While Jinnah played a significant role in realizing Iqbal`s vision and leading the Pakistan movement, it was Iqbal who first conceived the idea of a separate homeland for Muslims.