The correct answer is option 1: emergency under Article 352 is in operation.

Under normal circumstances, the Indian Parliament can only make laws on subjects that fall within the Union List, Concurrent List, and matters that are necessary for the fulfillment of international treaties and agreements. However, during a national emergency declared under Article 352 of the Indian Constitution, the Parliament is empowered to make laws on subjects that are typically under the jurisdiction of the State Governments. This ensures that the central government has the necessary authority to address and handle the emergency situation effectively.

Options 2 and 3 are not correct because the request of all state assemblies or a message from the President do not grant the Indian Parliament the authority to legislate on state subjects.

Option 4 is also incorrect as option 1 is the correct answer.