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Q112 (CDS-II/2007) Environment & Ecology › Climate Change & Global Initiatives › UNFCCC and Kyoto Answer Verified

The Kyoto Protocol commits the developed nations, including economics in transition to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by which one of the following during the years2008-2012?

Result
Your answer: —  Â·  Correct: D
Explanation

The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997 and entering into force in 2005, established legally binding emission reduction targets for industrialized nations and economies in transition (Annex I parties) [c3, t2]. For the first commitment period (2008–2012), these nations collectively committed to reducing their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by an average of 5.2% below 1990 levels [t1, t4, t8]. While individual country targets varied—such as Canada's 6% target—the aggregate reduction for the basket of six greenhouse gases (including CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide) was calculated at 5.2% [t3, t10]. Although some sources simplify this figure to 5% [c4, t2], the specific technical target for the collective group of developed nations during the first commitment period is precisely 5.2% relative to the 1990 base year [t4, t5, t8].

Sources

  1. [1] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > 24.2. KYOTO PROTOCOL: COp-3. > p. 324
  2. [2] https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/Energy,%20Environment%20and%20Development/quantifying_the_kyoto_protocol_detr_report.pdf
  3. [3] FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 11: World Climate and Climate Change > Greenhouse Gases(GHGs) > p. 96
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