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The correct answer is option 2: A high birth rate and a falling death rate. This is the main factor for the accelerated growth of the population in India.
A high birth rate means that there are more births occurring than deaths, leading to a net increase in the population. This is partially due to cultural and social factors, such as a preference for larger families and limited access to contraceptives.
On the other hand, a falling death rate means that people are living longer and there are fewer deaths occurring. This is the result of advancements in medical technology, improved healthcare facilities, and better living conditions.
The combination of a high birth rate and a falling death rate results in a population that is growing at a rapid pace. It is important for India to address the challenges and consequences of this population growth, such as ensuring access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities for all citizens.