The correct answer is option 1: Mumbai is on the windward side. This means that Mumbai is located on the side of the mountain or hill where the wind is coming from. When the wind blows towards the land, it carries moisture with it, resulting in higher rainfall in Mumbai. In contrast, Pune, being on the leeward side, is shielded from the direct impact of the wind, leading to lower rainfall.
Option 2, which suggests that Pune is at a greater elevation, is not the main reason for the difference in rainfall. While higher elevation can influence precipitation patterns, in this case, the windward side of the mountain is the primary factor.
Option 3 states that Mumbai is a coastal city. While being close to the coast can affect rainfall patterns, the windward side plays a more significant role in this scenario.
Option 4, which suggests that Pune has greater vegetation, is not a significant factor contributing to the difference in rainfall between Mumbai and Pune.